Principles Of Drip Irrigation PDF book

 Hi all,

There are many books written on concepts of Drip Irrigation System. But Which I like the most is,

Principles Of Drip Irrigation (By : M.S. Mane, B.L. Ayare, S.S. Magar)

You can buy it online from the link below,

Buy Principles Of Drip Irrigation Paperback

Or you can download PDF file from the link below, 😃

Principles Of Drip Irrigation (PDF)

Hope you like it,

Cheers!!!

Lateral Length Calculation in Micro Irrigation System

Hi all,

Today I am going to explain an important aspect in micro irrigation system design i.e. Lateral length calculation. 

Lateral length affects mainly for deciding submain position in the field. Over run lateral length might be harmful to the crop because water will not distributed in equal manner in the field. Which ultimately results in poor crop production and loss to the farmer. 

So lets start on how to calculate maximum permissible lateral length in micro irrigation system.

There are several points to be taken in to consideration for calculation of lateral length which are,

- Lateral outer diameter and inner diameter

- Reduction Factor

- Pressure Drop (m/100 m)

- Total Head Loss (m)

- Pressure Variation along with lateral (%)

- Discharge Variation along with lateral (%)

Pressure Drop can be calculated by the Hazen Williams equation as under,

Where,

Flow = Lateral Discharge (lph)

Constant = 140 (hazen williams constant, higher C value = higher smoothness)

Pipe ID = 14.2 mm for 16 mm lateral and 18.2 mm for 20 mm lateral 

Reduction Factor = 0.4 

Total Head Loss can be calculated with below formula,

Pressure Variation along with lateral can be calculated as under,

Flow Variation along with lateral can be calculated by,

Now as we have come to know that how to calculate maximum permissible lateral length, there are some basic rules to taken in to consideration while calculating length of emitting pipe for its optimum working are as under,

Criteria for optimum lateral length,

1. Total Head Loss should not be more than 2 meter in lateral or emitting pipe

2. Pressure Variation should not be more than 20% in lateral 

3. Flow Variation should not be more than 10% in lateral

4. Pressure Loss should not be less than 0.8 m at the end of the lateral  

For ready reference I have created a lateral length table using above mentioned formula.

You can download it from the link below,

Max. Permissible Lateral Length Table

or you can calculate all these details with my irrigation details calculator as under,

You can download the calculation sheet from the link below,

Lateral Length Calculator

Hope this help you guys...

Cheers!!!!

:)

Water carrying capacity of irrigation pipes

Hi everyone,

Selection of proper pipe size in micro irrigation system (MIS) is very important part.

Today i am going to share some details on water carrying capacity of irrigation pipes,

There are 2 main aspects which affects water carrying capacity of irrigation pipe viz,

• Pipe Size (i.e. Pipe ID, Pipe OD,Pipe weight,& SDR value of pipe)
• Velocity 

Lets discuss them in brief,

Pipe Size:
- Pipe size contains certain values like Pipe ID, Pipe Weight, Section Area of pipe etc.
Calculation of the above values can be done as under,


Pipe inside diameter (ID) :

Pipe weight (Wt):

Section Area:

Specific Dimension Ratio (SDR) of pipe:

It's method of rating a pipe's durability against pressure.

Please note that all the calculations are based on SDR 17 as irrigation pipes with this rating are used widely over here in India.

Fluid Flow Velocity in irrigation pipes:
-  The fluid velocity should not exceed to certain limits to avoid noise and damaging wear and tear of pipes & fittings.

Normally velocity in irrigation pipes should be between 1.0 to 2.0 m/sec.

Velocity can be calculated by,

Now with all the above equations you can calculate water carrying capacity of irrigation pipes by the formula below,

Well its a big hectic job to calculate all this....

So I've made an excel sheet for calculating the same in easy way.

 All Calculations are based on pipes with SDR 17.

You can download it from Here (Flow Calculator Download)

Just select pipe size from the drop down list shown as under,

And then enter velocity in the next cell,

So maximum discharge will be calculated in the cell. For better result and longer lasting age of your micro irrigation system, try to keep flow velocity under 1.5 meter per second.

You can also change the output unit from (m3/hr) to (LPS) by selecting drop down menu as under,

That's all for water carrying capacity of irrigation pipes.

You can get more information on other aspects of micro irrigation in the links below,

1. Basic aspects of Micro irrigation system design
2. Technical aspects of MIS design
3. Head loss & velocity in irrigation pipes
4. Video tutorials on Micro irrigation system design
5. Micro irrigation system components installation

Or Scan a QR code here,

I am a professional trainer for MIS system design, for cost & other information, please contact me on below mail address,

- Hardip Gajjar
  (hrdpgajjar@hotmail.com)

Video Tutorials on Drip Irrigation System Design

Hi all,
Today i am going to show some videos in details about how to draw drip irrigation system design.

1. Basics of Drip irrigation system design in Auto cad.

2. Head Loss / Friction Loss calculation in drip irrigation system design.

- Head Loss / Friction Loss calculation video part-2 :

3. Inter crop  design in MIS.

4. How to set AutoCAD interface:

5. How to set default template in AutoCAD :

6. How to make proper design in AutoCAD :

This videos are for new bees in the field of Micro Irrigation System design.

You can find more information on drip irrigation system design in the topics below,

1. Basic aspects of drip irrigation systems design
2. Technical aspects of drip irrigation systems design
3. Drip irrigation component installations
4. Head loss & velocity in irrigation pipes
5. Water carrying capacity of irrigation pipes

or scan a QR code here,

Hope you all like my effort.


Cheers!!

Head Loss & Velocity in Irrigation Pipes

Hi all,
Today i am going to explain an important part of the drip irrigation design which is called Head Loss and Velocity in irrigation pipes. For providing proper water to the each plant of the field we must have to consider several things in mind like,

1. Actual water requirement of the field
2. Available flow of the pump
3. Total Head Loss in the system & velocity in irrigation pipes

let’s see them in the brief,
Actual Water Requirement of the field
The first step of drip irrigation design is to calculate the total water required by the area. So how to calculate the water requirement? Let’s take an example,
Suppose we have 1.2 ha area and we are going to grow cotton crop in it at the spacing of 1.40m X 0.40m. We are going to use inline dripper capacity of 2 LPH (litre per hour).
So first thing is how many plants are there in 1.2 ha area? we can calculate it simply by,
1.2 X 10,000 = 12000 sq. meter
now,
= 12000 / 1.40 x 0.4 (Crop spacing)
= 21429 plants in the field
we are going to provide 2 litre water to each plant, so
Total water requirement = 21429 x 2 (Total plants x dripper discharge)
= 42,858 litre or 42.85 m3/hr.
so 1.20 ha are required 42.85 m3/hr. water to irrigate cotton crop.

Available flow of the pump
In the above example we’ve pump of 10 HP and water depth is about 25m. so what is the available flow of the pump set?
well we can calculate it with the device called water meter which is shown below,



There are many types of water meters available now a days. You can calculate the approximate pump flow with the following formula also.

Pump Discharge   =   Motor HP X 75 X Pump efficiency
                                               Total Head (m)

“ You can get details on every part of this formula in my previous post”

So we have pump set flow of about 36.93 m3/hr.
we can irrigate the field with maximum of 36.93 cubic meter per hour of water.
To carry these amount of water from water source to the field, we have to consider several things like Head Loss in pipes, Velocity etc.
In drip irrigation system the total head loss in Main line should not be more than 5m and 1.5m in sub main lines. And maximum permissible velocity is 2.0 m/sec.
we can calculate head loss and velocity with "Hazen Williams Formula”

Where,

• Roughness constant for PVC pipe is 150
• Pipe ID = (Pipe OD – Minimum Thickness of Pipe) - Max. thickness of Pipe

Total Head Loss (m) = (Length of pipe (m) X Pressure drop) / 100
Velocity can be calculated by,




As we have seen all this calculation is bit a difficult job to do. So I have created an excel sheet for calculating all the data above.

You can download it from HERE (Irrigation details calculator).

it looks like,

You have to select pipe size and pressure rating from hydraulic calculation section as under,

Select the desired flow unit from the drop down menu (m3/hr or liter per second)

In the next field enter Pipe length (in meter). This will calculate total head loss, friction loss and velocity. (for drip irrigation total head loss in main line should not be higher than 5m/1000m of pipe. And in sub main line it should be 1.5 mtr per submain line) Head loss cell color is calculated as per before mentioned criteria, so when head loss goes beyond 5 mtr it will turn in to red, for easy understanding.

So always try to keep your head loss below 5 meter per 1000 meter of main line and velocity below 1.5 meter per second for better results and longer lasting age of  your micro irrigation system.



As you see all the units are in metric system of measurement. so if you are following units you have to convert the values
don’t panic just click on the last sheet named “Unit Conversion” here you can convert different units.



You can also calculate the Pump HP with the pump power calculator in the sheet,

There is a storage capacity calculator tab, so you can calculate the storage capacity of water tank it required.

At last a small video tutorial on head loss and velocity calculation in irrigation pipes,

Another small tutorial on head loss / friction loss in main lines,

That’s all for hydraulic calculation of irrigation pipes. 

You can find more information on drip irrigation systems design as under,

1. Basic aspects of drip irrigation system design
2. Technical aspects of drip irrigation system design
3. Drip irrigation system component installation
4. Video tutorial on drip irrigation systems design

Or scan a QR code here,

Don’t forget to reply if you have any suggestion / question.
cheers!!
Thanks

Drip Irrigation Images

Hello everyone!!
In my previous posts I’ve explained too many aspects of drip irrigation system. But as we all know,
One practical on site is far better then 1 month of learning in the classroom. So today i have done a little effort to show you the real drip irrigation system on field. Hope you all like it.

• Intercropping in Mango with chillies.

• Component fittings

A small demo for Drip irrigation,

Thanks for watching,

You can find more details on drip irrigation systems design as under,

1. Basic Aspects of Drip irrigation system design
2. Technical aspects of drip irrigation systems design
3. Head loss & Velocity in irrigation pipes
4. Video tutorial on drip irrigation system design
5. Water carrying capacity of irrigation pipes

Or scan a qr code here,

Cheers